Modular hightemperature gascooled reactor power plant kurt. It can supply nuclear heat and electricity over a range of core outlet temperatures between 700 and 950c, or more than 1 000c in future. Modular high temperature gas cooled reactor safety design. Operation of the hightemperature engineering test reactor. Comprised of 16 chapters, this book begins with a general. The code system used in the group and ongoing research projects are presented below. Design stress evaluation based on strainrate sensitivity. Development of hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, also known as very hightemperature gascooled reactor vhtr for its generation iv designs, has continued for over half a century. Internationally, there are only two high temperature systems under consideration.
Materials in generationiv very high temperature reactors. The status of hightemperature gascooled reactor development and design in the united states and other countries important benefits are foreseen from smaller, modular systems by l. Pdf the advanced hightemperature reactor ahtr is a new reactor concept under development that uses. Very high temperature reactor vhtr energy independence. Series gc is designed for studying high temperature and pressure reactions.
Thermal 900 high helium very high temperature reactor vhtr pressure fuel cycle use high 715 mpa core outlet. Group 10s presentation for nre 2110 on the very high temperature reactor design. There are various iterations on this concept, most notably the vhtr very high temperature reactor, an iaea proposed generation iv design, the pebble bed reactor or the httr in all cases they share a number of common characteristics, so i shall group them under the umbrella of high temperature gas reactors htgrs. Featuring case studies and worked examples that illustrate key concepts in the text, this book contains guidelines for scaleup of laboratory and pilot plant results, methods to derive the correct reaction order, activation energy, or kinetic model from laboratory tests, and theories, correlations, and practical examples for 2 and 3phase reaction systems, including bubble columns, slurry. Several reactors have been built or being constructed. Moltensaltcooled advanced hightemperature reactor for. The vhtr is a next step in the evolutionary development of hightemperature gascooled reactors. Information from the world nuclear association, the global privatesector organization providing information on nuclear power, nuclear energy, and the use of nuclear energy in meeting the needs of the worlds sustainable development.
The veryhightemperature reactor vhtr, or hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr. Thermal hydraulics of the very high temperature gas cooled. In this study, the optimum size of the compact heat exchanger has been developed based on its weight and pumping power for the reference design of. The final chapter describes the sequence of reactor design. Types nuclear reactor design advantages and disadvantages of vhtr conclusion and future works 3. For asme code stamping of hip vessels, please consult factory for available reactor designs, materials, and pressure ratings. The high temperature gascooled reactor jrc publications. The basecase design with prismatic fuel blocks is described. Purchase physics of hightemperature reactors 1st edition. At high coolant flow rates the exponential term will be small, so. The purpose of this report is to identify the materials research and development needs for the vhtr. This opens up further reaction possiblities, for reactions that require excessive heating or very exothermic reactions. High pressure equipment pressure vessels and reactors. T1 modelling heat transfer in very high temperature gas cooled reactor.
Very high temperature reactor vhtr plants showing 63 results elgenk, m. Generation iv nuclear reactor information paper, including the generation iv forum. The high temperature of the coolant exiting the reactor core. There are no books that consider practical control systems for real industrial reactors. Reactors require much attention to safety details in the design process due to the hazards they impose. Air ingress phenomena in a depressurization accident of. The very high temperature reactor stanford university. The very high temperature reactor marks the next evolutionary step in reactor design, capable of powering our cities with greater than 50% thermal efficiency, and producing cleanburning hydrogen via carbonfree processes. Consequently, a detailed design of a fluidized bed reactor that would allow flexible operation at high temperature and high pressure at several gas velocities will be conducted in order to serve for the future development of new hydrodynamic models. Project hfreu1 this is a new conductioncooled design with double containment for up to. Gascooled reactors have had a long and varied history dating back to the very early days of nuclear energy development. Hightemperature engineering test reactor wikipedia. Very high temperature reactor vhtr the very high temperature reactor vhtr is a graphitemoderated, heliumcooled reactor. No radial variation in reaction rate concentration and the reactor is.
Tournier, passive and safe thermal coupling of generationiv vhtr to hydrogen fuel production complex. Air ingress phenomena in a depressurization accident of the veryhightemperature reactor. Thermal hydraulics prediction study for an ultra high temperature reactor with packed sphere fuels, current research in nuclear reactor technology in brazil and worldwide, amir zacarias mesquita, intechopen, doi. The high temperature reactor htr and very high temperature reactor vhtr are types of nuclear power plants that, as the names imply, operate at temperatures above those of the conventional nuclear power plants that currently generate electricity in. The book is intended for researchers and engineers involved with nuclear engineering and energy technology. Core design study of a very high temperature reactor book. The veryhightemperature reactor vhtr, or hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, is a generation iv reactor concept that uses a graphitemoderated nuclear reactor with a oncethrough uranium fuel cycle. Physics of hightemperature reactors 1st edition elsevier. The vhtr offers two advantages to modern day generation iii reactor designs. It will supply heat with high core outlet temperatures which will enable applications such as hydrogen production and. The crp will investigate and make proposals on modular high temperature gas cooled reactor htgr safety design criteria.
The safety goals are to equal or surpass those of the modular hightemperature gascooled reactor with a beyonddesignbasis accident capability to withstand large system and structural failures vessel failure, etc. It covers land based and marine based watercooled reactors, high temperature gas cooled reactors, liquid metal, sodium and gascooled fast neutron spectrum reactors and molten salt reactors. S department of energy doe has selected the very high temperature reactor vhtr design for the next generation nuclear plant ngnp project. Physics of hightemperature reactors focuses on the physics of hightemperature reactors htrs and covers topics ranging from fuel cycles and refueling strategies to neutron crosssections, transport and diffusion theory, and resonance absorption. Proceedings of the fourth international topical meeting on high temperature reactor technology. The term typically refers to the next step in the evolutionary development of hightemperature gascooled reactors htgrs. This paper provides an initial description and technical analysis of its key features. The moltensaltcooled advanced hightemperature reactor ahtr is a new reactor concept designed to provide very high temperature 750 to ec heat to enable efficient lowcost 1 thermochemical production of hydrogen h2 or 2 production of electricity. The very high temperature reactor the term very high temperature reactor vhtr loosely covers any reactor design with a coolant outlet temperature of c or above. As temperature increases rate increases and therefore conversion increases. Comprised of 16 chapters, this book begins with a general description of the htr core as. The main design and operating parameters for the 10 mw high temperature gascooled reactor htr10 primary loop pressure boundary system are introduced in this paper. Httr first reached its full design power of 30 mw thermal in 1999.
Modelling heat transfer in very high temperature gas. The ngnp will demonstrate the use of nuclear power for electricity and hydrogen production without greenhouse gas emissions. By virtue of its high temperature heat, a vhtr can be used in hightemperature process heat applications, including hydrogen production and highefficiency electricity generation. High temperature gas reactors an overview sciencedirect topics.
Veryhightemperature reactor presented by taher, md iktiham bin 15983781 khan, md rabiul islam 15982791 islam, kazi rashedul 15984751 2. Development of hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, also known as very hightemperature gascooled reactor vhtr for its generation iv designs. The hightemperature test reactor httr is a graphitemoderated gascooled research reactor in oarai, ibaraki, japan operated by the japan atomic energy agency. It is expected that these criteria would refer to light water reactor safety standards e. It is designed to 1 increase revenue relative to baseload nuclear. The vessels utilize thrust bolts and a thrust ring to ensure positive seating of the gasket. The present book is composed of chapters recalling the concept of the htr module.
The reactor design will be a graphite moderated, heliumcooled. Provides readers with a thorough understanding of hightemperature reactor, their. It is a graphitemoderated, heliumcooled reactor with thermal neutron spectrum. Fourth international topical meeting on high temperature reactor technology, volume 1. Thermal hydraulics prediction study for an ultra high. Goals, requirements, and design implications for the. Spectrum calculations and crosssection averaging are also discussed. Pdf design options for the advanced hightemperature reactor. High pressurehigh temperature reactor systems parr. Reactor physics analysis mit nuclear reactor laboratory. Reactor design lectures notes university of technology, iraq. The fluoridesaltcooled hightemperature reactor fhr with a nuclear airbrayton combined cycle nacc and firebrick resistance heated energy storage fires is a new reactor concept. Seven gascooled htrs have been built around the world in england, germany, the united states, japan, and china.
The vapourtec high temperature reactors are similar to the standard reactors but can enable reaction temperatures to go up to 250oc. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. Advances in small modular reactor technology developments. N2 very high temperature reactor vhtr is one of the six reactor concepts selected for further consideration by generation iv international forum gif members. The reactor physics analysis group functions in two major domains. They are often the highest temperature point in the process, heat of reaction may be released, and residence times can be long leading to a large inventory of chemicals. High temperature reactors challenges and opportunities kent shirer materials science and engineering 3950.
The steam generator, the reactor and the blowers are all in the same reactor pressure vessel. There are numerous books that focus on steadystate reactor design. The very high temperature reactor journal article osti. The pebble bed reactor pbr design consists of fuel in the form of pebbles, stacked together in a. Ssr21, vienna, 2012, and the deterministic and riskinformed safety. Generation iv reactors integrated materials technology. Reaction rate slow, conversion dictated by rate of reaction and reactor volume.
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